Archives de catégorie : Debian

Trucs & astuces, Debian, GNU/Linux

Comment trouver la version de Debian GNU/Linux utilisée

Lorsqu’on intervient sur le système d’un client, ami ou collègue pour l’aider ou pour donner des conseils, il arrive que même la personne responsable de ce système ne sache plus exactment quelle version du système d’exploitation est utilisée.

Il est possible que cette personne ait elle-même hérité de cette responsabilité, ou bien que quelqu’un d’autre ait installé le système à sa place, lors d’un atelier ou à la demande d’un employeur, par exemple. On peut aussi vouloir vérifier la version qu’on utilise sur un système partagé.

Sur un système Debian, la commande lsb_release peut être utilisée. Si elle n’est pas installée, elle est disponible en installant le paquet lsb-release.

lsb-release: Utilitaire de rapport de version du Linux Standard Base

Le Linux Standard Base (http://www.linuxbase.org/) est un standard pour le coeur du système sur lequel des applications d’une tierce partie peuvent s’appuyer.
La commande lsb-release est un simple outil pour aider à identifier la distribution Linux utilisée et sa conformité avec le Linux Standard Base.
Cette conformité ne sera pas rapportée sauf si les métapaquets requis sont installés.
Bien qu’elle soit conçue pour être utilisée par les paquets LSB, cette commande peut aussi être utile pour distinguer une distribution Debian d’une version dérivée.

Voici un exemple de résultats avec une Debian 7:
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 7.0 (wheezy)
Release: 7.0
Codename: wheezy

On peut aussi examiner le fichiers correspondants dans /etc ainsi:
$ cat /etc/debian_version
7.0

$ cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME= »Debian GNU/Linux 7.0 (wheezy) »
NAME= »Debian GNU/Linux »
VERSION_ID= »7.0″
VERSION= »7.0 (wheezy) »
ID=debian
ANSI_COLOR= »1;31″
HOME_URL= »http://www.debian.org/ »
SUPPORT_URL= »http://www.debian.org/support/ »
BUG_REPORT_URL= »http://bugs.debian.org/ »

 
Ubuntu Planet, Ubuntu, Debian, Annonces, Communautaire, GNU/Linux

Debian Quebec is here :)

As many of you already know by now, Debian 7 is here!

I’ve been using Debian as my primary work environment for a few months now and Trisquel at home for the past year and a half or so. My advocacy work has changed as a result, and I stopped focusing on Ubuntu, while still recommending version 12.04 LTS that just works for many. There’s also Ubuntu Gnome (or is it Gnome Ubuntu) now, so there is still a good array of choices for those like me that like the GNOME 3 environment and find it productive. Oh, did I mention Cinnamon 1.8 was just released?

openlogo-100

I am happy to announce that there is now a Debian Quebec group, and we just got our mailing list approved in the Debian project. This was not as fast an easy as in Ubuntu-land, and I took the time to fully document the process to get the mailing list going, in case others may want to do the same. It may all seem too slow or difficult, but every step of the way several people helped and I learned a lot. I took this as an opportunity to contribute to the project and at the same time I found that it may be hard for new GNU/Linux users to get started in Debian – or even for experienced ones like me, coming from Ubuntu.

That’s why after a few IRC messages I started working on a Welcome to Debian resource (and team) aimed at people that use other distributions and come to Debian for the first time. It’s still very new and incomplete, but it’s what I wished was around when I started dedicating serious time to this distribution a few months ago.

As luck would have it, Debian 7 was just around the corner, just a few days/weeks after Ubuntu 13.04 and Trisquel 6 were released. This called for an all-distributions Debian 7 release party (we’ll have two locations, Montreal and Quebec City). There will be workshops and presentations from 12:30 to 5:30 PM and then a happy hour with CLibre and Libre Planet. Check the Agenda du Libre if you’re in Montreal this week (or any time soon), perhaps we can cross paths.

 
Ubuntu, Ubuntu Planet, Trucs & astuces, Debian, GNU/Linux

New LibrePlanet LiveCode users group

I’ve recently been involved in a project with a customer to set up their development team to use LiveCode on Debian workstations. If you haven’t heard about LiveCode, they recently had 3,342 backers pledge £493,795 of the initial £350,000 goal on Kickstarter. That’s quite an accomplishment! I am not involved in the development part of this project, only in providing infrastructure support and services.

Since we needed to start working on documentation and I already work with other colleagues via IRC, I thought it would be useful to start a wiki space and IRC channel, and other resources via the dedicated resources provided by the Free Software Foundation in addition to upcoming resources that may be provided by RunRev, the creators of LiveCode.

The goal here is to collaborate with the community and help RunRev in this initial transition to open sourcing LiveCode, while offloading some of the self support to the FSF infrastructure (via LibrePlanet which is their community portal/resource).

If anyone is interested, a few initial resources and links have been put together already.

It looks like many people are already using LiveCode on Ubuntu, judging by the many screenshots in existing tutorials and guides. I hope other Debian derivatives benefit from this and perhaps even other distributions.

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Ubuntu, Ubuntu Planet, Debian, GNU/Linux

A nicer LUKS full disk encryption passphrase prompt in Debian 7 (Wheezy)

Un commentaire

When installing Debian on a new system, if you don’t install Plymouth and you use full disk encryption, the passphrase prompt will come up in a text console which is not very pleasing to the modern eye:

LUKS-text-prompt.png

After much experimentation, I found the Joy theme from the available Plymouth themes provided a much better experience. It was created by Audrien Auburg and adapted from an Edubuntu theme by Jonathan Carter for use with Plymouth. This is an excellent example of Ubuntu functionality brought back into Debian for the benefit of all.

This is how to install such a boot theme in a new Debian system using an Intel graphics chipset:

$ sudo -s
# apt-get install plymouth plymouth-drm

Edit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules and add the modules required for modesetting:

# KMS
intel_agp
drm
i915 modeset=1

Apply the Joy theme and make the changes effective:


# /usr/sbin/plymouth-set-default-theme joy
# update-initramfs -u

And here is the result:

IMG_20130422_132413

If you have another graphics chipset, or if you want more details about setting Plymouth or changing to other themes, check the Debian wiki documentation about Plymouth for more specific instructions.

Also keep in mind this is not very useful on fast SSD-equiped systems: if you don’t use full-disk encryption, the boot sequence is so fast that you won’t see the theme much!

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Ubuntu Planet, Ubuntu, Debian, Trisquel, GNU/Linux

Moving on: how?

I am really sad to see so much energy spent by the community criticizing Canonical and on Canonical’s side, trying to explain and justify so many decisions and actions.

My main concern is all this energy being directed where it doesn’t stand a chance to make a difference, as we know all the rocket pieces are being discarded. I invite you to consider focusing on other projects that need people like you:

  • Start a LibrePlanet group in your area. This is very much like a LoCo Team, except its focus is on 100% free open source software. This is sponsored by the Free Software Foundation and staffed with professional, responsive, full-time system administrators. I started LibrePlanet Québec right about when I stepped down from Ubuntu Québec. They also have a mission statement and a code of conduct which will feel familiar to any Ubuntu community contributor/member.. This also means it’s inclusive of Ubuntu users in your area.
  • Trisquel – an Ubuntu derivative focused on removing all non-free software while remaining as close to Ubuntu as possible. There is a lot of work remaining to achieve this. Trisquel 6 which is essentially Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, is just around the corner. I learned a lot when I started using Trisquel primarily instead of Ubuntu, about a year ago. Ubuntu help, documentation, PPAs and resources apply directly, and the community is very friendly and detail-oriented. Ethics and philosophy are valued as much and sometimes more than technical criteria when providing help.
  • Debian – Where it all begun 🙂 I am using this as my primary OS now. Debian is working with the FSF to be recognized as 100% free as per FSF’s guidelines. There are rough edges which I recognize as opportunities to contribute, for example the lack of language-selector-gnome. It’s taking me some time to adjust to the project’s resources but I even re-organized Debian Quebec and requested a mailing list (since approved), and got a very warm welcome from friends and colleagues using it in my area. I guess I miss my LoCo action and excitement, I hope to put my experience in this area to good use in Debian. There are even talks about forming a Welcome Committee for Ubuntu expats there.

There are many more out there, but I wanted to share my path after my past Ubuntu involvement. If you’re on IRC, come join #ubuntu-expats on OFTC, perhaps we can come up with other ideas. Perhaps it will help you actually finding a way you can contribute to free open source software in other ways than you did with Ubuntu.

Life is short!